1. Car lane: average illumination, illumination uniformity and lengthways uniformity, glare limit, surround ratio and inductivity
2. Sidewalk: average illumination, mix illumination and vertical illumination

PV Panels are made of a semiconductor material like silicon, along with phosphorous and boron which create conductivity within the cell and activate the movement of electrons. When activated by the sunlight’s energy, the electrons move across the cell and into the electrical circuit attached to the solar panel.

Shading a photovoltaic system dramatically decreases its output. Just shading the bottom row of wafers alone amounts to an 80% reduction in efficiency.

Although southern exposure increases the effectiveness of a residential solar power system, your home may still work for solar power without having south-facing exposure. Seek advice from a professional solar designer or installer to ensure success.

Solar photovoltaic panels require little maintenance—no washing or dusting is required. It is, however, important to place panels where they will remain relatively clear of shade and large debris.

LEDs are light-emitting diodes, or electronic components that produce light by converting electrical energy directly to light by the movement of electrons within the material of the diode. Because LEDs are highly efficient, they are beginning to replace most conventional light sources.

The term solid-state lighting is used because the electronics produce light directly from solid materials in which the electrons are embedded. This is unlike other technologies; for example, fluorescent technology requires a gaseous discharge medium to initiate production of light.

LEDs have no gases, filaments or other moving parts. They provide light through a one-step process that takes place within the diode. You don’t have to worry about broken glass or other parts breaking or coming loose.

LEDs have no gases, filaments or other moving parts. They provide light through a one-step process that takes place within the diode. You don’t have to worry about broken glass or other parts breaking or coming loose.

Controllers are very important for solar street lights because they can remotely turn lights on or off. Some modern controllers are programmable so the user can decide the appropriate amounts of charging, lighting and dimming.

The only way to get full power out of high voltage grid tie solar panels is to use an MPPT controller. Since most MPPT controls can take up to 150 volts DC (some can go up to 600 VDC) on the solar panel input side, you can often series two or more of the high voltage panels to reduce wire losses or use smaller wires. With the 175-watt panel mentioned above, putting two of them in a series would give you 66 volts at 7.6 amps into the MPPT controller, but the controller would convert that to about 29 amps at 12 volts.

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.

Normally five to eight years. If you are using double batteries interactively, they would have an even longer life.

1. Protect the PV panel from sharp/hard objects
2. Clean the PV panel to maintain its conversion efficiency
3. Avoid sheltering or shading the PV panel
4. Make sure the PV panel faces the sun in order to absorb maximum energy

The all-in-one design with modular structure is easy to check, maintain, and replace as necessary.